| Issue/Objective |
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the global health infrastructure's existing inequalities and vulnerabilities. In the face of geopolitical, logistical, and economic challenges during pandemics, global health diplomacy (GHD) serves as a strategic tool for countries to achieve health goals through diplomatic efforts, fostering negotiations and collaborations. While developed countries secured vaccine stocks, many developing countries relied on GHD and international aid to access vaccinations. By focusing on Ethiopia's efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic, this research seeks to investigate opportunities, challenges, and areas for improvement in future health emergencies. |
| Methodology/Approach |
A qualitative study approach was employed, incorporating 11 interviews conducted both face-to-face and virtually with participants working for national and international organizations directly involved in GHD efforts for COVID-19 vaccine acquisition. Purposeful snowball sampling techniques were used to identify suitable participants with extensive information. Deductive thematic analysis was conducted based on the 7 dimensions of GHD as a thematic area, according to Iona Kickbush's Guide to Global Health Diplomacy 2021 book, including challenges and opportunities within each dimension. The dimensions are interrelated but have their own distinct contribution in understanding the efforts of GHD. The data was analyzed using Atlas. ti 9 software. |
| Results |
The Ethiopian government adopted a centralized governance approach led by the deputy prime minister. Key factors contributing to the success of acquisition efforts are existing external partnerships, the government's substantial allocation of resources, domestic resource mobilization, and diaspora contributions. However, Ethiopia's response also faced financial and logistical constraints due to the lack of an emergency fund and reliance on donor support. Limitations in cold chain infrastructure and global resource nationalism were also significant challenges. |
| Discussion/Conclusion |
The ability to leverage diplomatic channels and existing partnerships suggests that fostering collaborative networks is essential for tackling global health emergencies. Effective global health strategies will need to strike a balance between top-down international efforts and bottom-up, grassroots-level mobilization of domestic resources, creating ownership that can bolster the sustainability and impact of health responses. By effectively utilizing opportunities, Ethiopia can enhance its resilience and reduce its reliance on external donor financing. Ensuring equitable representation and meaningful participation of all relevant stakeholders can be a priority discussion between the Ministry of Health and Foreign Affairs, as GHD is multidisciplinary. |
| Presenters and Affiliations |
Hawi Degu Addis Ababa University |
