Submission ID 118244
| Issue/Objective | Mpox became a global health concern after the 2022 outbreak, posing a significant threat to vulnerable populations, including children, pregnant individuals, and immunocompromised persons. To address the evolving evidence on Mpox vaccines, we developed a living systematic review (LSR) to continuously evaluate their safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity, informing public health strategies and improving outcomes for affected populations |
|---|---|
| Methodology/Approach | We conducted an LSR and meta-analysis to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of Mpox vaccines in the general population, children, and pregnant individuals. The review adhered to PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Two reviewers performed data extraction independently, and the risk of bias was assessed using established tools. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model to calculate pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for primary outcomes. The vaccine effectiveness (VE) was calculated using the formula VE (1−RR)×100, where RR represents the risk ratio derived from the data. |
| Results | 73 studies, including clinical trials and observational studies with 1,005,640 vaccinated individuals, met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 65 studies focused on adult and adolescent populations, 9 on children, and 6 on pregnant individuals. The pooled vaccine effectiveness estimate for the MVA-BN vaccine in adults was 64% (95% CI: 34-81%). Adverse events were reported at varying rates, with fever occurring in 7 per 100 observations (95%CI: 3-11%) and rash in 3 per 100 observations (95%CI: 0-14%). Substantial heterogeneity was observed across studies, driven by differences in study populations, vaccines, and outcome reporting. |
| Discussion/Conclusion | Mpox vaccines demonstrate promising efficacy and a safety profile in adult populations. However, significant data gaps remain regarding their use in pediatric and pregnant populations. Addressing these gaps through targeted research is critical to support vaccine implementation and optimize public health outcomes. |
| Presenters and affiliations | MUNYANEZA Egide King Faisal Hospital Rwanda Foundation and Africa Health Science University Gashaija Absolomon King Faisal Hospital Rwanda Foundation and Africa health sciences university Absolomon GASHAIJA Centre for Impact, Innovation and Capacity building for Health Information Systems and Nutrition (CIIC-HIN), Kigali, Rwanda |
